Turns to the written record to reexamine the building blocks of a nationPicking up where most historians conclude Chelsea Stieber explores the critical internal challenge to Haitis postindependence sovereignty a civil war between monarchy and republic. What transpired was a war of swords and of pens waged in newspapers and periodicals in literature broadsheets and fliers. In her analysis of Haitian writing that followed independence Stieber composes a new literary history of Haiti that challenges our interpretations of both freedom struggles and the postcolonial. By examining internal dissent during the revolution Stieber reveals that the very concept of freedom was itself hotly contested in the public sphere and it was this inherent tension that became the central battleground for the guerre de plumethe paper warthat vied to shape public sentiment and the very idea of Haiti.Stiebers reading of postindependence Haitian writing reveals key insights into the nature of literature its relation to freedom and politics and how fraught and politically loaded the concepts of literature and civilization really are. The competing ideas of libert writing and civilization at work within postcolonial Haiti have consequences for the way we think about Haitis roleas an idea and a discursive interlocutorin the elaboration of black radicalism and black Atlantic anticolonial and decolonial thought. In so doing Stieber reorders our previously homogeneous view of Haiti teasing out warring conceptions of the new nation that continued to play out deep into the twentieth century.